The fields Obstetrics and Nutrition have undergone great changes over the past few decades, greatly affecting available knowledge in prenatal nutrition. The importance of nutrition before, during, and after pregnancy cannot be overstated because it affects both mother and child. Mothers must maintain a minimum level of maternal energy requirements, provide substrate for the development of fetal tissues, and build energy reserves for postpartum lactation.
An infant's birth weight depends on many factors, such as the mother's pre–pregnancy weight–for–height ratio and corresponding weight gain during pregnancy. The pre–pregnancy weight–for–height value is referred to as the body mass index (BMI). One's BMI is
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